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Frederick Maze
Sir Frederick William Maze KCMG, KBE (梅樂和爵士; 2 July 1871 – 25 March 1959) was a British civil servant and Chinese customs commissioner, serving as Inspector-General of the Chinese Maritime Customs Service from 1929 to 1943.
==Early years and career==
Maze was born on 2 July 1871 at 11 Abercorn Terrace in Belfast, the younger son of James Maze, a linen merchant, of Ballinderry, and Mary Hart, one of two daughters of Henry Hart of Lisburn. He was educated at Wesley College, Dublin and later followed his uncle, Sir Robert Hart, into the Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs Service in 1891 and was appointed in 1899 as acting audit secretary at the inspectorate-general in Peking. By the time of the Boxer uprising in 1900, he was acting commissioner at Ichang. Appointed Deputy Commissioner at Foochow in 1901, and at Canton two years later. Tn 1904 he opened a new Customs House at Kongmoon, serving as commissioner there until 1906. Then he was appointed Commissioner to the town of Tengyueh which was the site of a British consulate close to the frontier with Burma, serving until 1908. On 3 June 1909 the Chinese government awarded him with the Order of the Double Dragon, Third Class.〔''London Gazette'', 11.6.1909.〕 The significant rate of Maze's ascension within the customs service did not go without comment however, especially given his familial ties (Hart's successor as acting Inspector-General in 1909, Sir Robert Bredon, was also Maze's mother's and Hart's brother-in-law). Times Peking correspondent G. E. Morrison in particular made no secret of his abhorrence for the "half-witted" Maze and the nepotism he saw working against more experienced candidates within the service, and at one point noted the lack of promotion for his friend, ornithologist and Customs Deputy Commissioner John La Touche, "who, 35 years in China with world wide reputation, is still Deputy Commissioner under a nonentity named Maze who has been 21 years in China, for 10 of which he has been full commissioner. Such is justice!".
In 1911 Maze was appointed to the senior post of Commissioner in Canton. On 28 March 1914 Maze laid the foundation stone for the new Customs House in Canton and served as commissioner there until 1915, when he was presented with the Order of the Golden Grain, Third Class, which was upgraded to the Second Class in 1919. He was made commissioner in Tientsin (1915-1920), which was then followed by a posting in Hankow (1921-1925). In 1920 Emperor Taishō of Japan presented Maze with the Order of the Sacred Treasure, Third Class. In May 1922 he was awarded the Second Class of the Order of the Precious Brilliant Golden Grain by President Xu Shichang. This was upgraded to the Second Class in 1923. In 1924 Maze was awarded the First Class of the Conservancy Medal.In 1925 he was made Commissioner in Shanghai, then one of the most prestigious posts in the service. In 1917 Maze married an Australian, Laura Gwendoline Bullmore (1888–1972), younger daughter of Edward Bullmore of Oakwood Station and Ipswich, Queensland.〔
When Inspector-General Sir Francis Aglen was dismissed by the Beiyang Government in late 1927, he ensured his deputy A. H. F. Edwardes was made 'Officiating' Inspector-General in his place. Edwardes was set to become the next Inspector-General until but with the rise of the Kuomintang (KMT) to be the predominate political force in China, capturing Shanghai in early 1927, Edwardes position was much less certain and Maze, then Shanghai Commissioner, announced his candidacy for Inspector-General. The KMT distrusted Edwardes, seeing him as too connected to the Beiyang government in Peking, while Maze had had good relations with the KMT and Sun Yat-Sen during his posting in Canton. The KMT, in the process of deposing the internationally recognised Beiyang warlords in Peking, offered Maze the position of 'Inspector-General' in the south three times in 1927, but he refused. Maze was awarded the Second Class of the Order of the Striped Tiger in 1927. In 1928 he accepted an appointment as an adviser to the national board of reconstruction, and in October 1928 Edwardes appointed Maze as Deputy Inspector-General.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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